RELEASE POLICY: Please use the following citations in any submitted
publications using this dataset:
Compo, G.P., J.S. Whitaker, P.D. Sardeshmukh, N. Matsui, R.J. Allan,
X. Yin,B.E. Gleason, R.S. Vose, G. Rutledge, P. Bessemoulin, S. Brönnimann,
M. Brunet, R.I. Crouthamel, A.N. Grant, P.Y. Groisman, P.D. Jones, M. Kruk,
A.C. Kruger, G.J. Marshall, M. Maugeri, H.Y. Mok, Ø. Nordli, T.F. Ross,
R.M. Trigo, X.L. Wang, S.D. Woodruff, S.J. Worley, 2011: The Twentieth
Century Reanalysis Project. Quarterly J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 1-28. DOI:
10.1002/qj.776.
Compo,G.P., J.S. Whitaker, and P.D. Sardeshmukh, 2006: Feasibility of a
100 year reanalysis using only surface pressure data. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc.,
87, 175-190.
Whitaker, J.S., G.P.Compo, X. Wei, and T.M. Hamill 2004: Reanalysis
without radiosondes using ensemble data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132,
1190-1200.
The analysis is performed with the Ensemble Filter as described in Compo et al. (2006).Observations of surface pressure and sea level pressure from the International Surface Pressure Databank version1.1 and ICOADS version 2.4 were assimilated every six hours. The short-term forecast ensemble is generated in parallel from 56 9-hour integrations of a state-of-the-art atmospheric general circulation model, the atmospheric component of NCEP's operational Climate Forecast System model (Saha et al. 2006). Briefly, the model has a spatial resolution of nearly 200-km on an irregular Gaussian grid in the horizontal (corresponding to a spherical harmonic representation of model fields truncated at total wavenumber 62, T62). In the vertical, for efficiency, we have reduced the resolution from a finite differencing of 64 levels to 28 levels with no detrimental effects to the reanalysis quality. The model top is at 0.2 hPa. The model has a complete suite of physical parameterizations as described in Kanamitsu et al. 1991) with recent updates detailed in Moorthi et al. (2001). Additional updates to these parameterizations, specific to this version of the model, are described in Saha et al. and include revised solar radiation transfer, boundary layer vertical diffusion, cumulus convection,and gravity wave drag parameterizations. In addition, the cloud liquid water is a prognostic quantity with a simple cloud microphysics parameterization. The radiation interacts with a fractional cloud cover that is diagnostically determined by the predicted cloud liquid water. The specified boundary conditions needed to run the model in atmosphere-only mode are taken from the time-evolving sea surface temperature and sea ice fields of the HadISST1.1 dataset obtained courtesy of the United Kingdom Met Office Hadley Centre Rayner et al. 2003).
Please note: If you acquire 20th Century Reanalysis
data products from PSD, we ask that you acknowledge us in your use of the
data. This may be done by including text such as
20th Century Reanalysis data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at
http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/ in any documents or publications using
these data. We would also appreciate receiving a copy of the relevant
publications. This will help PSD to justify keeping the
20th Century Reanalysis data set freely available online in the
future. Thank you!
Papers using the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset are requested to include the following text in their acknowledgments: "Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment program and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office."
Compo,G.P., J.S. Whitaker, and P.D. Sardeshmukh, 2006:
Feasibility of a 100 year reanalysis using only surface pressure data.
Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 87, 175-190.
Kanamitsu, M, and Coauthors 1991: Recent changes implemented into the
global forecast system at NMC. Wea. Forecasting, 6, 425-435.
Moorthi, S.,
H.-L. Pan, and P. Caplan, 2001: Changes to the 2001 NCEP operational
MRF/AVN global analysis/forecast system. NWS Tech. Procedures Bulletin
484, 14 pp. [Available online at
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/tpb/484.htm.]
Rayner, N.A., D.E. Parker, E.B. Horton, C.K. Folland, L.V. Alexander,
D.P. Rowell, E.C Kent, and A. Kaplan, 2003: Global analyses of SST, sea ice
and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J.
Geophys. Res., 108, 4407, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670.
Saha, S. and Coauthors, 2006: The NCEP Climate Forecast System. J. Climate,
19, 3483-3517.
Whitaker, J.S., G.P.Compo, X. Wei, and T.M. Hamill 2004:
Reanalysis without radiosondes using ensemble data assimilation. Mon.
Wea. Rev., 132, 1190-1200.
Data are courtesy of Gilbert Compo1,2 , Jeff Whitaker2, Prashant Sardeshmukh1,2 and Nobuki Matsui1,2 1. University of Coloraado CIRES-Climate Diagnostics Center 2. NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory - Physical Sciences Division.
Computing resources to produce the dataset were made available through a U.S. Department of Energy Innovative and Novel Computational
Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) computing award at the National Energy Research
Scientific Computer Center.